Stem cells are the foundational cells of the body, serving as the origin from which all other cells with specialized functions are derived. In the right conditions, whether in the body or a lab, stem cells can divide and produce daughter cells.

These daughter cells can either remain as new stem cells or transform into specialized cells through a process called differentiation. This transformation can lead to the formation of specific cell types such as blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle cells, or bone cells. No other cells in the body possess the inherent capability to generate new cell types.

Stem cells are crucial because they have the extraordinary ability to develop into many different cell types and act as the body's primary repair mechanism. Their ability to differentiate into various specialized cells helps to repair and renew the body, mitigating the impacts of aging and disease.

Hyperbaric therapy has been found to markedly enhance the levels of circulating stem/progenitor cells within the peripheral bloodstream. By raising the oxygen levels in blood plasma, it has been observed that stem cells originating from the bone marrow significantly proliferate and mobilize, aiding in tissue repair and regeneration.