Diabetes impacts over 37.3 million individuals, accounting for 11.3% of the population, with nearly 96 million Americans—or 38.0% of the population—experiencing prediabetes. Those living with diabetes face an elevated risk of several significant health issues. Persistent elevation of blood glucose levels can lead to severe complications, including those affecting the cardiovascular system, vision, renal function, nervous system, and dental health. Additionally, individuals with diabetes are at an increased risk of infections and are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular diseases, blindness, renal failure, and lower limb amputations.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been recognized for its role in promoting angiogenesis, which can improve blood flow and avert organ failure. Studies indicate that this therapy can reduce blood sugar levels by enhancing the body's cellular response to insulin and increasing glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. Moreover, emerging research suggests that hyperbaric therapy could also regenerate pancreatic islets of Langerhans, potentially increasing insulin production. This therapy is particularly useful in managing infections like osteomyelitis and cellulitis, preventing systemic toxicity and disability.

In cases of chronic diabetes, compromised circulation can significantly hinder wound healing and increase the risk of ulcer formation. Hyperbaric therapy works by boosting the oxygen levels accessible to wounds, thereby facilitating the activation of fibroblasts and enhancing the healing process.